Frank Aukofer, City with a Chance (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company, 1968).
Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982. Milwaukee Manuscript Collection 16 and Milwaukee Micro Collection 42, UWM Archives. Papers of a civil rights activist, lawyer, and Wisconsin state legislator; including personal papers on his family and law practice; political campaigns records; files on organizations in which he participated such as Freedom Through Equality, Milwaukee Legal Services, the Milwaukee United School Integration Committee, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Also contains legislative and subject files reflecting Barbee's interest in abortion, capital punishment, education, health care, and other areas; and research and legal files pertaining to the desegregation suit filed against the Milwaukee School Board by the NAACP in 1965 in which Barbee was lawyer for the plaintiffs.
Eugene Bleidorn Papers, 1965-1966. Milwaukee Small Collection 92, UWM Archives. Description: Photocopied correspondence, clippings, and printed matter of a Milwaukee Roman Catholic priest, pastor of St. Boniface Church, concerning alternative "freedom schools" and church involvement in an October 1965 public school boycott by black residents along with Father James Groppi in protest against de facto school segregation and related events.
Congress of Racial Equality. Milwaukee Chapter. Records, 1963-1964. Milwaukee Manuscript Collection 27, UWM Archives. Description: Records of the Milwaukee chapter of CORE, mainly relating to the activities of secretary Richard McLeod in the education committee's campaign to end de facto segregation in the city school system, including the 1964 Freedom Day program. Also contains a constitution and by-laws, programs, the education committee's report to the 1964 CORE national convention, and material relating to civil rights activities in Mississippi.
Leslie H. Fishel, Jr., "The Genesis of the First Wisconsin Civil Rights Act," Wisconsin Magazine of History 49 (1966): 324-33.
James Groppi Papers, 1964-1978. Milwaukee Manuscript Collection EX and Milwaukee Tape 5, UWM Archives. Description: Papers, largely correspondence, of a Roman Catholic priest and prominent Milwaukee civil rights activist. Most of the correspondence is unsolicited responses to Father Groppi’s 1967-1968 civil rights activities, making the collection more useful for research on public attitudes towards civil rights, rather than for research on Groppi’s life and work. Of particular interest are the legal materials, which offer more information about Groppi’s civil rights activities than other files in the collection. Also included are two recordings of speeches concerning the role of the church in racial and social issues. Located within the collection is an unfinished manuscript of Groppi’s autobiography, several of his scrapbooks, and news clippings.
Elizabeth Holmes Papers, 1852-1976. Milwaukee Manuscript Collection 118, UWM Archives. Papers (mainly 1960-1965) of a member of the Milwaukee Board of School Directors, consisting of speeches; school district reports and studies; Appointment and Instruction (1961-1964); the Special Committee on Equality of Education Opportunity, which studied segregation within Milwaukee schools (1963-1964); and other committees of the board. Also included are project proposals, reports, and research council minutes concerning the Great Cities Program for School Improvement which studied the problems of migrant and transient students in Milwaukee. Also contains family correspondence dating back to 1852.
Milwaukee Citizens For Equal Opportunity. Records, 1960-1966. Milwaukee Micro Collection 16 UWM Archives. Records of a community organization formed to promote civil rights, school integration, and fair housing. Includes correspondence, minutes of meetings, newsletters, and miscellaneous materials pertaining to MCEO activities. Includes several letters from Milwaukee Mayor Henry Maier and James Farmer of CORE. Also present are materials relating to local civil rights organizations, including the Citizens Committee for Fair Housing Practices, the Milwaukee Area Joint Committee for Equal Opportunity in Housing, Milwaukee Urban League, Wisconsin Citizens for Fair Housing, and the Milwaukee Commission on Community Relations.
More Than One Struggle oral history collection, 1995-1996. UWM Manuscript Collection 217, UWM Archives. Description: Collection consists of sixty-three oral history interviews conducted by Jack Dougherty during the course of researching his book More Than One Struggle: The Evolution of Black School Reform in Milwaukee. The oral histories consist of cassette tapes, transcripts, correspondence with interviewees, and post-interview notes. The collection also contains Dougherty’s research files on related subjects. UWM Archives.
Milwaukee United School Integration Committee. Records, 1964-1966. Milwaukee Manuscript Collection 5, UWM Archives. Partial records of an organization that worked to end school segregation and racial discrimination in Milwaukee through freedom schools, school boycotts, marches, demonstrations, and rallies. The collection includes a small file of correspondence; memos, flyers and other promotional and descriptive materials regarding school boycotts; schedules, curricula, and lessons for the Freedom Day School; and press releases.
Milwaukee (Wis.). Mayor. Records of the Henry W. Maier administration, 1960-1988. Milwaukee Series 44 and Milwaukee Tape 1235A, UWM Archives. Collection includes the official records of the Maier administration, including correspondence, memorabilia, memoranda, reports, and speeches. Subjects particularly well documented include: the city budget; civil defense; civil rights, especially the 1967 civil disturbances; administrative and departmental operations; disputes with the local press, particularly the Milwaukee Journal; housing issues and the Model Cities program; interstate highway construction; licensing of cable television; the metropolitan sewer system; non-point pollution control; redevelopment of Milwaukee's downtown, including the Bradley Center, Grand Avenue Mall, and MECCA facility; state and federal aid programs; Summerfest; Maier's reelection campaigns; and his role as a national urban leader.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Milwaukee Branch. Records, 1917-1989. Milwaukee Manuscript Collection EP, UWM Archives. Records primarily reflect the revived activity of the Milwaukee branch of the NAACP during the 1950s and 1960s. The collection documents the activities of Wilbur and Ardie Clark Halyard, prominent black community and business leaders; fund raising and membership campaigns; and various administrative committees. Also contains national, regional, and state records.
NAACP Youth and College Division, March on Milwaukee: NAACP Milwaukee Youth Council Demonstrations for Fair Housing (New York: NAACP, 1968).
The Negro in Milwaukee: A Historical Survey (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1968)
David J. Olson, Meeting interview, 1967. UCM92-258, UWM Archives. Recordings of a Milwaukee, Wisconsin meeting on August 12, 1967, between Olson, Milwaukee civil rights leader Father James Groppi, African American ministers, and members of the NAACP Youth Council concerning the civil disturbances that had taken place in the city on July 31, 1967. Olson, a political scientist, was compiling research for his book on twentieth century race riot commissions, Commission Politics.
Charles T. O'Reilly, Steven I. Pflanczer, and Willard E. Downing, The People of the Inner-Core North (New York: LePlay Research, 1965) Secondary Sources:
William Dahlk, Chipping Away at the Iceberg from Barbee to Fuller: Milwaukee Blacks and Educational Proprietorship, 1963-2000 (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, forthcoming)
Jack Dougherty, More Than One Struggle: The Evolution of Black School Reform in Milwaukee (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).
Paul Geib, "From Mississippi to Milwaukee: A Case Study of the Southern Black Migration to Milwaukee, 1940-1970," Journal of Negro History 83 (Autumn 1998): 229-48.
John Gurda, The Making of Milwaukee. (Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1999).
Patrick D. Jones, "The Selma of the North" (book manuscript under contract with Harvard Univ Press) OR Patrick D. Jones, "’Not a Color, But an Attitude’: Black Power Politics in Milwaukee,” in Groundwork: Local Black Freedom Movements in America , eds. Jeanne F. Theoharis and Komozi Woodard (New York: New York University Press, 2005)
Judith Kenny, “Making Milwaukee Famous: Cultural Capital, Urban Image and the Politics of Place,” Urban Geography, 16(5), 1995, pp. 440-458.
William F. Thompson, The History of Wisconsin: Volume 6, Continuity and Change, 1940-1965 (Madison, WI: State Historical Society, 1988)
Through One City’s Eyes[videorecording] : race relations in America’s heartland / Milwaukee Public Television. Milwaukee, Wis.: Duncan Group, Inc., 1999.
Joe W. Trotter, Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915-1945 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985)
Ruth Zubrensky, "A Report on Past Discrimination Against African-Americans in Milwaukee, 1835-1999," (Milwaukee: Author, 1999)
If you have suggestions to add to the bibliography, please send them to us info@marchonmilwaukee.org
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY March On Milwaukee: The Struggle for
